Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. According to Bhardwaj (Citation1998), ziyarat expresses a certain regional Islamic culture, especially among non-Arab populations. Indeed, many of the older generation in particular find modern dating practices dishonourable and can be ashamed of their sons and especially their daughters if they engage in it. (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities - such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians - has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. such as religious beliefs, social norms, and family values. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. Family values are important to the structure and well-being of the family. Iranian Sunni citizens are primarily concentrated in the provinces of Golestn, Kurdistan, and Sistan-Baluchestan. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. Nonna Khakpour, Contributing Writer, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. The purpose of the project is to explore, from a sociological perspective, different forms of meaning-making coping (existential, spiritual, and religious coping) used by people who have been struck by cancer and, thereby, to attempt to understand the effect of culture on the use of these coping strategies. Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. In the current article, we present the results from our study in Iran, which looks at religious coping methods from a cultural perspective. As such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid unwanted public attention i.e. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints. Couples tend to only have one to two children. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. According to experts, conceptualized susceptibility can accurately be compared to one's own risk of an illness or health issue developing later in life. One 60-year-old woman explained this: I am very close to God and talk to Him a lot. Awareness can translate to an enhanced understanding of the complexity of mental-health problems in a culture that holds rigid attitudes about mental health and illness. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. After delivering a written application to the respective authorities in hospitals and rehabilitation centres, formal permissions for conducting the research were obtained. Most Iranian expats living in Australia are likely to have a more progressive understanding of womens rights as many arrive fleeing the harsh policies of the Iranian government. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Even Iranians that leave the house as husband and wife can draw negative attention. I believe I have sinned, and it is my punishment. Visiting pilgrims is for me like praying. Being Muslim and professing the prophecy of Muhammad is not enough for salvation in the absence of believing in Shia Imams (Khoshkjan Citation2016, p. 3). Another coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. Research by Ahmad Ali Noorbala and colleagues from Tehran University of Medical Sciences shows women in Iran have a greater incidence of mental disorders than women in Western cultures. Three experts performed the peer examination. On the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this study. Culture is a tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to life. The researchers have a continued commitment to the research areas. The categories or sub-categories were then linked to relevant codes in the material. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. . The government also provides donors with free health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors. The transcriptions were then coded, categorised, and thematised using a thematic analysis method. Montazeri et al. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c If something happens to us we must act and try to affect our life; not see everything as Gods Will. Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. The larger study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10 countries. 3099067 Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. It is in the remembrance of Allh alone that the hearts really find peace.Footnote3 Holy places may play the role of a safe haven in which one can experience peace and safety a place to freely discharge negative affects and emotions; this may be similar to the idea of catharsis. Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. perceived barriers to health. Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. Conflict related to cultural beliefs within healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change. After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. Thus, we can argue that the reason individuals turn to religion in times of crisis is that religion is more accessible in their sociocultural context than are other resources. Ethnicity, Language, and Religion in Iran. Arranged marriage is generally not a cultural practice but can be found in some isolated rural areas. Figure 1. Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the cultural factors that have an impact on military nursing care for Iraqi patients. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. A critical literature review, Public mental health promotion, meaning-making and existential meaning: Challenges for person-centered care of refugees in a secular, pluralistic context, Religious involvement and subjective well-being, Religion and health among black and white adults: Examining social support and consolation, Why me? The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. Religion may not be the only available resource in a persons orientation system, and it may be easier to access other resources. It is a kind of charity, helping people in need. Ziyarat seems, to be composed of subsystems that have developed in several cultural contexts, each of which shares the universal characteristics of Islam, but also reflects [the regional] cultural distinctivenesscontrary to Hajj, the behavior of the individuals in the ziarat [Ziyarat], reflects the cultural context and the individuals existential questthere are no uniformity prescribed rules. The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. Islamic clergy can be regarded as vicar, master or guardian. It is a Muslim man, or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. Iran has been swift and forthcoming in adopting and bringing forward new ideas. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. We will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the role of cultural beliefs in coping. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. The quotes used in this part, which were recorded in Persian, have been translated into English. There is a huge variation in social codes, behaviours and beliefs between different regions of Iran. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. Naturally, in most societies religion is not the sole available resource in an individuals orienting system; there are other dimensions in life e.g., biological, psychological, social, and environmental to which a person can turn when faced with adversity. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. In an interview with the Trauma and Mental Health Report (translated, Farsi to English), Hamed Rajabi, director of A Minor Leap Down, explains: This social system is only concerned with how people work and perform, and when that performance is lowered, their behavior is instantly condemned.. Being a collectivist society, people in Iran show very strong loyalty to their family. Almost all Iranian schools are segregated. I knew that I would win if I only relied on myself. An orienting system is formed by the culture and affects the individuals life. In first interactions with a stranger on the street, one may find that a taxi driver is, in fact, an expert on architecture, or a colleague can explain the complex history of countries theyve never visited. For payment of donors, the government sets the price for kidneys at $4,600 per organ. Reducing health . The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs. Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. When healthcare professionals encounter a more acculturated Hmong family in the U.S., they will likely see more balance of power between mother and father. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. External Factors. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? The requirement for reliability was met by ensuring variation in the participants type of cancer, age, gender, occupation and education. Ultimately, a womans independence and freedom to make choices for herself (i.e. One of the most notable characteristics of the Iranian people is their thirst for knowledge. The country faces the common problem of other young . Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. Permission will be required if your reuse is not covered by the terms of the License. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of Iranian women and 20.8 percent of Iranian men have mental-health difficulties. I did Nazr without understanding why. Thus, secular meaning-making coping hardly has any point of connection with a traditional sacred context, but can overlap with a search for connectedness with a sacred source without relating to God or any traditional religious context. They verified the process of coding and categorisation. Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. Many Asian people, by comparison, have a strong belief that uncertainty is inherent in life and each day is taken as it comes. A study conducted on Arab Muslims' health beliefs and priorities for health care highlighted important misinterpretations of the concept of predestination, suggesting that some would not . I believe God wanted to warn me with illness and maybe death to change my life and be a better person. The interests of the family can supersede the needs of a single individual. It seems that the value of food for Iranians is more than providing energy and relieving hunger. Im not dependent on anything or anybody. While the nuclear family is modestly sized, close relationships with the extended family mean peoples family networks are sometimes quite large. Jul 2018. I remembered we had learned during the religious lessons at school that the first chapter of the Quran that was sent to the Prophet was Recite. Then Recite became the core of my meditations and illustrations. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. 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